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Deal counts, total investment value, deal sizes, and company valuations.

Skin in the Game: An Analysis of Venture Capital Investment in Dermatology from 2002 to 2021

Aneesh Agarwal,Seth J. Orlow

Across >$9 billion invested in dermatology companies from 2002-2021, annual deal counts, total investment value, and the range of deal sizes have increased, while average investment size and post-investment company valuations decreased; funding was largely directed to pharmaceuticals/biotechnology, though historical maximum funding amounts for clinics/outpatient services, health information technology, and medical devices were achieved in 2021.

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Methods and Techniqures in Skin Research
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Vimentin+ Cells and Extracellular Matrix in Human Dermis
Human dermal sheets were prepared using ammonium thiocyanate to separate epidermis and dermis, and dermal sheets were fixed and stained for vimentin. In human dermis, vimentin labels preferentially mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts), endothelial cells, and immune cells (macrophages, mast cells, T cells). Images were captured using a multiphoton microscope, which also allows label-free imaging of the extracellular matrix (ECM) using second harmonic generation microscopy.  A snapshot of human dermis is shown which extends from the papillary to the reticular compartment. The ECM was pseudo-colored in magenta, and vimentin+ cells are labelled in green.  Image courtesy of Karin Pfisterer and Wolfgang Weninger, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna.

UVB-induced‒senescent keratinocytes display unrepaired DNA damage and DDR activation.

Bauwens et al. demonstrate that exposure to UVB radiation led to premature senescence of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro and that this senescence is associated with persistent DNA damage, long-term activation of DNA damage response, downregulation of amino acid transporters and a senescence associated secretory phenotype.

FZD6 is required for distant melanoma metastasis into the lung in vivo.

Dong et al. report that FZD6, a frizzled family PCP protein that regulates skin patterning during development, is overexpressed in numerous melanoma cell lines. Knockdown of FZD6 significantly reduces invasiveness of melanoma cells and metastasis of melanoma to the lung in a mouse model via regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, supporting a role for FZD6 in melanoma invasion and metastasis.

Pellino1 restricts dissemination to the sebaceous glands.

Using a mouse HSV-1 infection model, Cai et al. show that the absence of the ubiquitin ligase Pellino1 results in increased HSV-1 replication in the epidermis, the dissemination of the virus to the sebaceous glands, and a reduced recruitment of myeloid and T cells to the infected skin. These results highlight an important role for Pellino1 for skin antiviral immunity and provide as yet unexplored potential targets for controlling HSV infections.

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Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID)

The Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID) advances science relevant to skin health and disease through education, advocacy, and scholarly exchange of scientific information.

European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR)

The European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR) supports research toward understanding skin homeostasis improving the health of patients suffering from skin and venereal disease, infectious diseases and immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders.

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