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Commentary

Clinical presentation in humans of orthopoxvirus-based infections.

Monkeypox: Considerations as a New Pandemic Looms

Matthew G. Brewer,Stephanie R. Monticelli,Brian M. Ward

Figure 2. Clinical presentation in humans of orthopoxvirus-based infections. (a) Replication-competent smallpox vaccine‒associated disseminated disease in a child with atopic dermatitis (eczema vaccinatum) and (b) a current case of monkeypox virus: a male patient aged 32 years with lesions affecting the genital area. Consent to publish images was provided by the parents of the child with eczema vaccinatum and from the subject who was infected with the monkeypox virus. The image of the child with (a) eczema vaccinatum was adapted from Vora et al., 2008 with permission of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The image of the current case of (b) monkeypox virus was provided courtesy of Carina Borst, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria).

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This Month's Highlights

Human aged skin contains an increased proportion of macrophages.

Gather et al. provide evidence that macrophage number is increased in human aged skin and that these macrophages exhibit greater M1 proinflammatory characteristics. While the cell-intrinsic ability of monocytes to differentiation to this phenotype is reduced during aging, aged fibroblasts drive this proinflammatory phenotype. Conversely, macrophages with the proinflammatory M1-like phenotype negatively influenced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins by fibroblasts.

Decreasing cell surface CLA expression by ST3Gal-4 gene silencing impairs CTCL cell transendothelial migration and cell survival.

Peru et al. demonstrate that targeting the cell adhesion molecule cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) with an antibody or silencing ST3Gal-4, which is required for maturation of CLA, impairs CTCL cell migration and survival without effects on normal CD4+ T cells. This CLA targeting further decreases tumorigenicity and tumor cell dissemination in murine models, suggesting that CLA inhibition may be a useful therapeutic approach for CTCL.

The BsAb has increased local adhesion and reduced systemic IFN-γ inhibition compared with its parental anti‒IFN-γ.

Hsueh et al. report that local injection of a bispecific antibody, engineered to both block IFN-γ signaling and bind desmoglein expressed on keratinocytes, led to its retention in the skin without systemic inhibition of IFN-γ. In a mouse model of vitiligo this bispecific antibody efficiently blocked skin depigmentation restricted to the injection site. Tethering this IFN-γ inhibitor or potentially other bioactive molecules to keratinocytes thus may provide a mechanism for safer treatment for localized skin diseases. See the related commentary by Plazyo and Gudjonsson.

Resources for Clinical Research in the JID

Methods and Techniqures in Skin Research
Recent Reviews
ESDR 2022 Meeting Abstract Supplement

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Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID)

The Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID) advances science relevant to skin health and disease through education, advocacy, and scholarly exchange of scientific information.

European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR)

The European Society for Dermatological Research (ESDR) supports research toward understanding skin homeostasis improving the health of patients suffering from skin and venereal disease, infectious diseases and immune-mediated and inflammatory disorders.

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