IL-36 cytokines are composed of three agonists, namely IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, and a natural antagonist, IL-36Ra (Sims and Smith, 2010). IL-36 cytokines are abundantly expressed by the skin and other epithelial tissues, whereas the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) is expressed by skin and immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) (Gabay and Towne, 2015; Vigne et al., 2011). Earlier studies have demonstrated that IL-36 cytokines play important roles in the development of psoriasiform inflammation by enhancing the function of T helper type 17 cytokines (Carrier et al., 2011; Tortola et al., 2012).
